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Jul 30, 2024
Due to the extensive application of polymer materials such as plastics and synthetic fibers, the flammability and flammability of these materials pose a threat to human life and property safety, which has made flame retardants one of the key focuses of safety and fire prevention research. By introducing the combustion of polymers, various types of flame retardants, and their flame retardant mechanisms, organic silicon flame retardants not only endow substrates with excellent flame retardant properties, but also improve their processing performance, heat resistance, and so on; This makes it a new direction for the development of flame retardants in the future.
Organosilicon, also known as organic silicides, refers to compounds containing Si-O bonds and at least one organic group directly connected to silicon atoms. Organosilicon is an important component of the new chemical materials industry and plays an irreplaceable role in many other chemical materials. It is truly an "industrial vitamin" and a "technological catalyst".The basic structure of organic silicon products is composed of Si-O chains, and the side chains are connected to other organic groups through silicon atoms. Therefore, the structure of organic silicon products contains both "organic groups" and "inorganic structures", which makes them have more outstanding performance compared to other polymer materials. Due to the high bond energy of Si-O bonds, organosilicon has excellent thermal stability, flame retardancy, and can improve the processing and heat resistance of substrates [1-2]. This makes the use of organic silicon polymers as flame retardants a very meaningful topic.
The combustion of polymers is a complex physical and chemical process, and the conditions for combustion are: combustibles, oxygen, and ignition point, all of which are indispensable. That is to say, when flammable polymers are exposed to air or an environment containing oxygen, they will be heated upon contact with a fire source and reach their ignition point before burning. Polymers undergo thermal oxidation and degradation during combustion, producing free radicals and releasing heat, partially combustible gases. Subsequently, combustible gases come into contact with oxygen in the air and ignite, generating a large amount of heat that is transferred to the surface of polymer materials. This accelerates the degradation process of polymers, leading to intense combustion and the production of flames that pose great harm to the environment and human health.
Flame retardant is a property that enables the substrate to prevent, slow down, or terminate combustion. There are several ways to prevent the combustion of polymers.
Increase the thermal stability of the substrate;
Capture free radicals;
Form a non combustible protective film;
The combustion system can absorb a large amount of heat;
Form a heavy mass gas to isolate combustibles from oxygen;
Reduce the concentration of oxygen and flammable gases.